The eSIM Delivery Chain
An eSIM profile is not a simple data file. It is an encrypted, cryptographically signed package granting a device access to a specific mobile network. Getting that profile onto a device – and managing it throughout its lifetime – involves multiple parties across a structured delivery chain.
Mobile Network Operators
MNOs own the radio access networks that devices connect to. In the UK context the four main players are EE (BT Group), Vodafone, O2 (Virgin Media O2) and Three. They provide the underlying spectrum and infrastructure that every cellular IoT connection ultimately uses.
Why MNOs Want Their Profile on the Hardware
From an MNO perspective, having their profile installed on a device creates a revenue relationship for the device lifetime. A fleet of 10,000 utility meters with 15-year service lives represents a predictable, captive revenue stream. This is why some MNOs have been cautious about eSIM features that make operator switching easy – the same capability enterprises want is the capability that erodes MNO customer lock-in.
UK MNO IoT Connectivity
- EE (BT) – Coverage leader in rural UK. Strong in utility, government and transport IoT segments.
- Vodafone – One of the most active IoT connectivity providers globally. Dedicated IoT management platforms.
- O2 (VMO2) – Strong in enterprise IoT. O2 Satellite integration via Lynk Global is a significant emerging differentiator.
- Three – Competitive in FWA and connected devices. Less prominent in pure IoT.
MVNOs and IoT Specialists
Wireless Logic
One of the largest dedicated IoT connectivity providers in Europe. Wireless Logic operates their own RSP infrastructure supporting SGP.02, SGP.22 and SGP.32, managing millions of SIM connections. Their SIMPro platform and active SGP.32 infrastructure development puts them genuinely ahead of most competitors.
Eseye
Specialise in multi-network global IoT SIM connectivity with a strong emphasis on eSIM and eUICC. Their AnyNet+ platform manages profile switching across device fleets. Eseye operate their own SM-DP+ infrastructure and are early movers in SGP.32 ecosystem readiness.
Transatel (NTT Group)
Operates a global IoT connectivity platform with multi-IMSI and eSIM capabilities across over 180 countries.
Where the Real Opportunity Lies
SGP.32 creates a structural shift in where value sits. With server-initiated management via the eIM, the party that operates the eIM holds significant commercial power – they control which operator profiles are loaded, when, and under what commercial terms.
Specialist IoT connectivity providers who operate their own eIM infrastructure are best positioned to capture this value. They can offer enterprises genuine operator flexibility and fleet management without depending on MNO permission for each profile change.
UK regulatory context: Ofcom has been monitoring the eSIM landscape for implications on mobile competition. The ability to switch operators via software rather than hardware has significant competition implications in both consumer and IoT markets.
For the end user perspective on what these network choices mean, see eSIM End User Benefits.